What is the required fire rating for doors between the garage and basement?

In Ottawa, doors between an attached garage and basement require a minimum 20-minute fire rating, as mandated by the Ontario Building Code. This applies to both the door itself and the frame assembly, and the door must be self-closing to maintain the fire barrier.

The 20-minute fire rating requirement exists because garages are considered higher fire risk areas due to vehicle fuel, stored chemicals, and potential ignition sources. The basement connection represents a direct path into your home's living spaces, so this fire-rated barrier is crucial for occupant safety. The door must bear a permanent label from an approved testing agency (like ULC or UL) indicating its fire rating - you can't simply use any solid wood or metal door.

Installation requirements are just as important as the door itself. The door frame must also be fire-rated, properly sealed with fire-rated caulking or gaskets, and the door must be equipped with self-closing hinges or a spring mechanism. The door should swing into the house (away from the garage) and latch securely. Any gaps around the frame must be sealed with approved fire-stopping materials - even small gaps can compromise the entire fire barrier.

In Ottawa's climate, these doors also serve as thermal barriers between the typically unheated garage and conditioned basement space. Many homeowners choose insulated fire-rated doors to improve energy efficiency, though this isn't required by code. Popular options include steel doors with mineral core insulation that meet both fire rating and thermal performance needs.

Professional installation is highly recommended for fire-rated door assemblies. Improper installation can void the fire rating even with a properly rated door. The frame must be plumb, square, and properly anchored, with all penetrations sealed according to manufacturer specifications. During home inspections or insurance assessments, these installations are closely scrutinized.

For basement renovation projects involving garage access, this is one area where cutting corners isn't worth the risk. The door protects your family and may be required for insurance coverage. If you're planning basement finishing work that involves this area, ensure your contractor understands these requirements and uses properly certified materials.

Want to discuss fire safety requirements for your specific basement project? Ottawa Basements ensures all our renovations meet or exceed Ontario Building Code requirements, including proper fire-rated assemblies.